In journalism, a scoop or exclusive is an item of news reported by one journalist or news organization before others, and of exceptional originality, importance, surprise, excitement, or secrecy. Scoops are important and likely to interest or concern many people. A scoop is typically a new story, or a new aspect to an existing or breaking news story. Generally the story is unexpected, or surprising, and/or a former secret, so the scoop typically comes from an exclusive source. Events open to a multitude of witnesses generally cannot become scoops, (e.g., a natural disaster, or the announcement at a press conference). However, exclusive news content is not always a scoop, as it may not provide the requisite importance or excitement. A scoop may be also defined retrospectively; a story may come to be known as a scoop because of a historical change in perspective of a particular event. Due to their secret nature, scandals are a prime source of scoops (e.g., the Watergate scandal by Washington Post journalists Woodward and Bernstein). Scoops are part of journalistic lore, and generally confer prestige on the journalist or news organization. Word[edit] The word scoop is of American origin, first documented in 1874. As a verb, meaning to beat someone in reporting first, it is first recorded in 1884. Extended usage[edit] More generally, a scoop is the first discovery or the first report of something important. In some of John le Carré's spy novels, a scoop is new information of major strategic importance, not, of course, intended for publication. A scoop in the scientific community is a report by one group before another, giving them scientific priority.